Culture Relativism Essays - 575 Words

Culture Relativism Culture Relativism is a contradictory theory for the explanation of the way we ought to live because the roots of the theory don’t give any explanation for what is right and wrong but instead only a means for right and wrong to be judged. By no fathom of the imagination can one contend that his or her own self ideas are correct there are certain bias that come with all judgments on the correct way to live, but if culture relativism stood true than it must be able to give some sort of universal truth. To produce a theory that says in its entirety the correct way to live depends on the culture you were brought up in and that is a truth contradicts itself. Culture relativists contend that this is a truth all†¦show more content†¦Then a very thought-provoking rational was extended to the reasoning behind such cases, Eskimos are a very isolated and nomadic group the ability to survive in very harsh weather is the key to survival in this culture, therefore one must produce to support the family, the men in the family produce and the women take care of the family. If one grows elderly and is unable to produce or take care of the family the person is left outside to die. This natural population control is the key to being able to have enough supplies for the family to survive. Also the Eskimo birthrate is very high, because of the limitations on the culture to produce for itself it can not sustain a high birthright, moreover because of the distribution of sexes in families it is not uncommon for the female to be put to death at birth, while the male will be raised to hunt and support the family. It takes more males then females. It would be better to put one person to death than lose the whole family because there are not enough supplies to go around. A cultural relativist would contend that because of these stipulations it would be wrong to assume because the Eskimos are differentShow MoreRelatedCultural Relativism : Culture And Culture993 Words   |à ‚  4 Pagesdifferent cultures interact closely to each other. This contact may be a good one or a bad one. It all depends on how open mind we are and how respectful we are with the different cultures. As curious persons, almost everyone wants to know about others cultures, which are its tradition, religion, costume, and how that culture works. However, people make judgment about the things they may think are wrong, disgusting, or even inhuman from other cultures. Because they think that their culture is betterRead MoreCultural Relativism : The Moral Code Of A Culture1470 Words   |  6 PagesCultural relativism is self-explanatory in its name but goes deeper beyond that. Cultural relativism states that standards are relative to one’s culture. There are no standards of morality shared by all societies; all rules are controlled by the society in which a person lives. If the moral code of a culture says that an action is right than according to those standards, the action is rig ht. If the society says that a certain action is wrong, without any input from other cultures, the action is wrongRead MoreCultural Pluralism And Relativism For The Chinese Culture Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Death is a universal human experience and is culturally constructed with specific social and ancient practices. Hence, different cultures harbor visible and invisible components which influence health beliefs (Potter Perry, 2014, p.110). It is important to understand the significance of culturally based care to promote health knowledge in sensitive, creative, and meaningful ways. With the processes of enculturation and acculturation, health providers can promote culturally sensitiveRead MoreEthical Relativism And The Norms Of One s Culture807 Words   |  4 PagesEthical relativism is the theory that holds morality relative to the norms of one s culture. Meaning, whether an action is right or wrong will depend on the moral norms of that society in which you reside. Though some actions may be viewed right in one society, it does not mean it will be morally right in another. I take the view of an ethical relativist, where there is no universal moral standards. I believe this becau se morality is constantly changing. Society’s beliefs, values and ideas areRead MoreUsing The Library Search Tools And 1-2 Multimedia Resources1373 Words   |  6 Pagesrefugees. 3. Definitions: a. Cultural relativism is looking at beliefs and values of a culture from the view point of the culture itself. b. Subjective relativism is the view that if a person thinks something is morally right or wrong, then it is. c. Emotivism says that if someone believes something is right or wrong, that doesn’t make it so. Their beliefs are based on emotions. d. These play a role in the refugee issues because the refugees come from different cultures, which may have different beliefRead More Philosophy for Children Essay3725 Words   |  15 Pagesphilosophical climate today is that of a post-modernism emerging from thinkers such as Derrida and Rorty. Here we discover a provocative tension between ideas of truth and ideas of meaning. Associated with this issue is the debate between epistemological relativism and absolutism. How do these influences shape the community of inquiry and its dialogic activity? Are we seeking the truth in community? Or is that very word verboten in todays intellectual climate? If we are seeking meaning, can we do so withinRead More A Students Guide to Liberal Learning by James V. Schall716 Words   |  3 Pagescontradictions. The author criticizes relativism and skepticism. When on the latter, he has the ordinary conservative definition of relativism: Truth does not exist; everything has equal claims to truth. Indeed several relativists have interpreted the position to this affirmation, but as Schall notes it is a contradicting outlook, so one thing a thorough intellectual thinker could have done is to take a more complex accurate relativist view. Actually, relativism, as the name itself indicates strainsRead MoreTruth Is Not Moral Truth1273 Words   |  6 Pagesperception of society, and justice. Truth creates the foundation of trust required for such communities to exist as families, cities, states and country. Discussions around our dinner table often encompass the meaning of truth and the opposite of truth, relativism. Parents frequently impress upon their children that they must â€Å"tell the truth† in trivial matters, with the hope that these children one day grow into honest, productive members of society. But, why is truth so important? Truth exists as theRead MoreRelativism Vs Realism953 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Cipullo Professor Butera Philosophy 103 October 28, 2017 Relativism or Realism What is Plato’s reasoning for rejecting moral relativism in favor of moral realism? Moral Relativism is defined as the view that moral judgements are true and false only relative to some particular standpoint and no standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others. An interpretation of moral relativism is that it is an understanding that the ethical position of right or wrong is culturally centeredRead MoreMorality is Relative Essays637 Words   |  3 PagesMorality is Not Relative, is incorrect, he provides arguments that cannot logically be applied or have no bearing on the statement of contention. His argument, seems to favor some of the ideas set forth in cultural relativism, but he has issues with other parts that make cultural relativism what it is. The first mistake is in his comparison following the example of there being different moral codes. In outlining and explaining the cultural differences argument, he gives an example that he began

Who Are Known to Have Built the Pyramid of Giza and Stonehenge Free Essay Example, 1250 words

In history class, we were told that the pyramids of Egypt were made by Egyptians as tombs. We cannot deny that they were made by ancient Egyptians but specifically by who is what we are trying to ask. According to Wikipedia, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu and he had the structure built for a 20 year period. Experts are in debate as to whether it was built with slave labor or with expert artisans, but Pyramid of secrets by Alan Alford can give us some insight into this debate. This book indicated that there were specific passages and pathways that were expertly planned and studied before being built. He also indicated that somehow, the people who built these passages wanted them to be found in some way, ideally by someone who would take time to study architecture . In contrast, Stonehenge, although built in Europe, specifically Wiltshire, we can not be sure who built it. Researchers, scientists, and experts have had different stories, theories, and speculations about who made this structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Are Known to Have Built the Pyramid of Giza and Stonehenge or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In an article called Did "Other People" Build the Pyramids or Stonehenge? by kosmo. hubpages. com, it indicates that the mere feat of building these architectural marvels, coupled with the cost and technology at the time indicate that they were built by extraterrestrials. This theory may sound farfetched or confusing however, this does give us an idea about just how alike these 2 structures are in terms of mystery, artistry and advanced technology.

Case History on Best Buy Free Essays

string(43) " must find a new way to attract customers\." Best Buy, Inc. Case Study: Case History Clayton Bender, Justin Swanson, Kaitlyn Krause, Michelle Chambers, Elmon Tanielian Company Background: Best Buy Co. , Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Case History on Best Buy or any similar topic only for you Order Now operates as a multinational retailer of consumer electronics within the services industry. Founded in 1966 under the name Sound of Music, Inc. , Best Buy underwent a name change in 1988. It was founded by Mr. Richard M. Schulze and is headquartered in Richfield, Minnesota. Best Buy operates under a Board of Directors but is a publicly traded company owned by stockholders. The company operates retail stores and call centers and conducts online retail operations under a range of brand names such as Best Buy, Best Buy Mobile, The CarPhone Warehouse, Five Star, Future Shop, Geek Squad, Magnolia Audio Video, Pacific Sales and The Phone House. Best Buy is the 11th largest online retailer worldwide and ranks #468 on the Forbes Global 2000 (Global 2000 Leading Companies, 2012). The mission of Best Buy, though not directly outlined as such, can be summed up by a quote from the CEO. Our formula is simple: we’re a growth company focused on better solving the unmet needs of our customers—and we rely on our employees to solve those puzzles. Thanks for stopping† (About. com). Best Buy’s vision is, â€Å"To make a meaningful and lasting impact on the quality of life in the countries and communities we serve. † Best Buy has four primary values that govern decision-making processes; unleash the power of our people, learn from challeng es and change, show respect, humility and integrity, and have fun while being the best (Code of Business Ethics, 2013). Best Buy’s Market Philosophy: Best Buy operates in all 50 states, districts and territories within the United States. Various brand names under the Best Buy Inc. umbrella exist throughout the geographic area including Best Buy, Best Buy Mobile, Geek Squad, Magnolia Audio Video and Pacific Sales (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). In the US alone, Best Buy reaches nearly 1 billion consumers each year in stores, on BestBuy. com and on m. BestBuy. com or the mobile shopping website. Out of the $165 billion per year spent on electronics in the U. S. , more than 6% of that is at Best Buy —ahead of Wal-Mart Stores (12%), Amazon. com (5%), Costco (3. 5), and Target (2. 5%) (On Best Buy Media Network, 2011). Within the domestic market, store development is aimed at multi-channel retail points of presence that focus on a given local environment, while simultaneously decreasing overall store square footage. To do this, the company anticipates closing approximately 50 large format U. S. Best Buy branded stores in fiscal year 2013 to explore other options, as well as downsizing to appeal to increasingly popular online shopping trends. They have also decided to close all Best Buy branded stores in the UK, Turkey, and China. They instead chose to focus their attention on their Five Star branded stores in China, and their CarPhone Warehouse, and Phone House stores in Europe. Best Buy’s international market is comprised of operations in Canada (Best  Buy, Best  Buy Mobile, Cell Shop, Connect Pro, Future Shop and Geek Squad), Europe (The CarPhone Warehouse, The Phone House and Geek Squad), China (Five Star), and Mexico (Best Buy and Geek Squad) (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). These varied brands allow the company to include several lines of consumer retail products such as mobile phone products, entertainment products, appliances and related services that are tailored to appeal to each niche market. In 2012, international markets generated 26% of Best Buy’s revenue (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). In the Canadian market, Best Buy is the fastest-growing specialty retailer and â€Å"e-tailer† of consumer electronics, PCs, and entertainment software. Best Buy focuses on children and communities, attempting to â€Å"help youth develop their skill set, discover their talents, and sustain a lasting interest in education† (About Us, 2013). Best Buy has decided to close their large-format Best Buy branded stores in China, Turkey, and the United Kingdom in order to reach areas that offer the best growth opportunity to particular locations (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Competitive Environment: Best Buy’s competitors range between online retailers (Amazon), big box retailers (Target and Wal-Mart), club stores (Sam’s Club and Costco), pecialty electronic retailers (Apple), and home improvement stores (Home Depot and Lowes). Some Best Buy rivals compete purely on price, while others compete on experience. Best Buy believes that online retailers will have their price advantage reduced as state governments around the country re-evaluate sales tax laws that allow some online competitors to offer lower prices. Additionally to combat price wars Best Buy also has price matching policies for other brick and mortar retailers and during this last holiday shopping season even matched some online retailers’ prices (Best Buy to Match Online Prices, 2012). With the elimination of Best Buy’s biggest rival, Circuit City, they are left to focus on competitors such as Amazon, Wal-Mart, and Home Depot. None of these stores compete directly with Best Buy in every segment, but each of them offers products that compete directly with Best Buy. As shown in Exhibit 1, while Best Buy does compete with Home Depot and Lowes, the effect of appliances on Best Buy’s sales is quite small, accounting for only 5% of sales in 2011. Because there are no stores which offer a value proposition exactly like Best Buy, it presents a problem when analyzing financial statements of Best Buy’s main competitors (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). See Exhibits 2-5 for detailed copies of Amazon and Wal-Mart financial statements. Trends- Best Buy competes in the electronics stores and consumer electronics industries. The industry overall is heading into new territory as online shopping continues to take over the market. Recently, traditional big box stores such as Best Buy have been threatened by an increase in online consumption tendencies. Often, consumers will use stores such as Best Buy as a showroom to test new products, make a purchase decision, but then go home and find a cheaper price online. With many established, online retailers of consumer electronics on the web, retailers must find a new way to attract customers. You read "Case History on Best Buy" in category "Essay examples" The various methods of promotional channels such as large and small structured stores, websites, and kiosks, are all ways the company is tailoring to the market they are attempting to reach. Marketing: Products and Services- Best Buy specializes in technological goods and services. This includes home office, consumer electronics, appliances, and entertainment software. Best Buy is an ideally suited ‘one-stop-shop’. Best Buy offers Geek Squad Technical Support to consumers to aid with any difficulties or defects, to ensure customer happiness, and build loyalty. Also offered is a low-price-guarantee, where Best Buy will match the price if you find a lower price on an identical available product at a local retail competitor’s store, a local Best Buy retail store or BestBuy. com (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). As Best Buy is not a manufacturer of unique products, the main differentiating factors would be their low-price-guarantee and the in-home service â€Å"The Geek Squad†, which offers personalized technical support. In addition, there are many products that are exclusive to Best Buy, such as certain televisions, video games, and computer devices. Distribution- Best Buy sells products through both its 1,103 retail locations and their website bestbuy. com. Domestic Distribution- Inside the U. S. , most Best Buy products are shipped directly from the manufacturers to the regional distribution centers. The exceptions to this method are large TV’s and appliances which are shipped from producers to specific satellite warehouses in each major market. In certain cases, where release dates play a large role in a product, the item will go directly from the producer to individual Best Buy stores (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Products purchased online are either picked up in store, or shipped directly to consumers via the same regional distribution centers the stores receive their products from. International Distribution- In Europe, Best Buy’s two small cell phone stores have their products shipped from manufacturers to regional distribution centers and then to the stores. Individual stores hold only immediate stock requirements while distribution centers hold additional merchandise. Best Buy stores in Canada and Mexico follow the distribution method used in the U. S. (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Promotion- The customer base is primarily centered on high income earners (75,000+), 24-54 aged males who have children (ad example targeting this listed in exhibit 6). Best Buy shoppers are viewed as mobile, technically savvy, advanced digital users, who are highly engaged in learning about technology as well as encourage their children to learn about technology, too (On Best Buy Media Network, 2011) (promotion example targeting this listed in exhibit 7). Including selling, general and administrative expenses, promotional costs were $995,000,000 in fiscal year 2012, $862,000,000 in 2011, and $709,000,000 in 2010 (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Best Buy has traditionally focused on media involving print, television, large-scale events, and is now shifting gears more towards digital advertising for promotional efforts due to consumer changes in shopping habits. Best Buy spends most of the promotional budget during the holiday season in response to high sales during Thanksgiving, Black Friday, Cyber Monday, and Christmas (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). A detailed list of quarterly expenses can be found in exhibit 8. One of the largest and most expensive promotional efforts undertaken by Best Buy is the commercial segments aired during the Super Bowl. Best Buy has utilized this tactic for the past three years. In 2011, the commercial featured the celebrities Justin Bieber and Ozzy Osbourne. In 2012, it featured mobile innovations such as Instagram and the popular game, Angry Birds. For this upcoming Super Bowl, Best Buy will feature the comedian Amy Poehler. These are significant decisions considering this year’s thirty-second ad placement cost $4 million and is projected to reach over 100 million viewers (The Associated Press, 2013). Leadership: Best Buy’s Board of Directors, elected by the shareholders, is responsible for overseeing the business and affairs in order to manage the long-term interests of the company (Best Buy, Inc. , 2013). The Board of Directors is in charge of selecting and evaluating the performance of senior executives. There are four distinct committees structured within the Board: Audit Committee, Compensation and Human Resources Committee, Finance and Investment Policy Committee, and Nominating, Corporate Governance, and Public Policy Committee. A detailed visual of the organizational structure can be viewed in exhibit 9. Organizational Culture: Traditionally, Best Buy has been known for enforcing strict policies and encouraging employees to work overtime. In 2003, however, the corporate culture was radically changed to a system designed by two of the company’s own human resource department employees, Cali Ressler and Jody Thompson (Brandon, 2007). This system, known as ROWE or the results-only-work-environment, allows personnel to come and go as they please. Many corporate employees have no official office or work schedule. Similar systems have become popular in the advanced technical industry, including companies such as IBM, but no such corporate culture existed in a large retail company before Best Buy. The system is working to meet their goals, as employee turnover decreased drastically after implementation. However, recently, employee satisfaction has suffered as a result of a decrease in company profitability (Conlin, 2006). Stakeholders: The primary stakeholders are the stockholders; the individuals that have an active interest in the company’s successes and failures because their personal investments are directly impacted. Additional stakeholders include employees (who rely on the company to stay in business and guarantee their employment), consumers (who depend on the products and services of the company), and the surrounding community which Best Buy is committed to serving in their values. Currently, a general concern of stakeholders is the increasingly competitive nature of the of the electronic retail market. With e-retail and internet stores becoming more significant players in the market place, Best Buy seems to have become a place of research and testing by the consumer, rather than actual purchasing. Stakeholders are calling for innovative and differentiating factors to emerge for Best Buy to remain a key player in the consumer electronic market. In addition, as typical of most companies, the stakeholders of Best Buy want increased sales and profit margins, to hopefully lead to increased stock prices as well. Financials: Balance Sheet- Best Buy currently has approximately $16 Billion in assets, $12 Billion in liabilities, and $3 Billion in stockholder equity. Over the past three years, total assets and stockholder equity have been decreasing while total liabilities have been increasing. (Best Buy Balance Sheet) A detailed balance sheet can be found in exhibit 10. Income Statements- Best Buy had a loss in net income during FY 2012 of $1. 2 billion compared to net earnings of $1. 3 billion in 2011. A detailed balance sheet can be found in exhibit 11. Objectives ; Performance Strategy: Best Buy competes in a competitive retail industry constantly affected by the current state of the economy and consumer confidence. Such an industry presents difficulty in predicting consumer behaviors and corresponding sales. These tough times have forced Best Buy to begin transforming the company and hone in on strategies they believe will â€Å"offer the best opportunities to improve returns† (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Best Buy has committed to focusing on four main initiatives all revolving around that transformation and improving financial performance. Multi-year Cost Reductions- Best Buy aims to lower the cost structure of various areas of their business through improvements in efficiency as well as current investments designed to provide long term earnings benefits. These changes will include closing 50 of their large, brick-and-mortar stores within fiscal year 2013. In addition they aim to decrease the costs of goods sold as well as reduction in corporate and support structures (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). U. S. Store Format Improvements- Best Buy will be revising their store formats in order to â€Å"increase points of presence, while decreasing overall square footage†. These changes will occur through increasing the number of their Best Buy Mobile stand-alone stores, decreasing their large-format stores, and to remodel key market Best Buy stores into their smaller, leaner, â€Å"Connected Stores (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Growth Initiatives- Best Buy will execute growth initiatives in e-commerce, connections, services, and China. They will approach growth in e-commerce with â€Å"more competitive online pricing, broader use of free shipping, the expansion of our online assortment, and further development of Best Buy Marketplace†. There will be a focus on increasing all mobile connection expertise, all product services, and store locations in China. Improved Customer Experience- Best Buy believes that they differentiate themselves from competitors through careful and persistent attention to the experiences their customers have. Through programs such as their â€Å"Perfect Match Promise† which provides customers with a 30 day period of full technical support, hassle-free returns, and competitor price matching as well as their Reward Zone loyalty programs, they desire to provide their customers with an incomparable experience as they shop at Best Buy. Finally, Best Buy aims to increase their enhanced training for employees in order to meet these customer service goals (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Works Cited Global 2000 Leading Companies. (2012, April). Retrieved from Forbes: http://www. forbes. com/companies/best-buy/ Best Buy Balance Sheet. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Yahoo Finance: http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bs? s=BBY+Balance+Sheet;annual Best Buy Income Statement. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Yahoo Finance: http://finance. yahoo. com/q/is? s=BBY+Income+Statement;annual Best Buy, Inc. (2011, January 23). On Best Buy Media Network. Retrieved from Best Buy Media Kit: http://www. bestbuymediakit. com/assets/files/Media_Kit_Presentation. pdf Best Buy, Inc. (2012). Best Buy 10k Report. Richfield: Best Buy. Best Buy, Inc. (2013, January 22). About Us. Retrieved from Best Buy Canada: http://www. bestbuy. ca/en-CA/about-best-buy-canada. aspx? path=9825360f7559258208ae2438cb28c580en99 Best Buy, Inc. (2013, January 22). Code of Business Ethics. Retrieved from Ethics Point: https://secure. ethicspoint. com/domain/media/en/gui/32565/code. html? 3 Brandon, J. (2007, April 4). Rethinking the Time Clock. Retrieved from CNN Money: http://money. cnn. com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/03/01/8401022/index. htm Conlin, M. (2006, December 10). Smashing the Clock. Retrieved from Bloomberg Businessweek Magazine: http://www. businessweek. com/stories/2006-12-10/smashing-the-clock Kerrigan, H. (2012, April). Results-Only Work Environment Goes Public Sector. Retrieved from Governing: http://www. governing. com/topics/public-workforce/gov-results-only-work-environment-goes-public-sector. html The Associated Press. (2013, January 22). Best Buy Super Bowl branding spot will focus on humor, enlists Amy Poehler. The Washington Post, p. 1. Zimmerman, A. (2012, 10 12). Best Buy to Match Online Prices. Wall Street Journal. Exhibit 1: Best Buy’s Domestic Sales Allocation (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012) Exhibit 2: AMZN Income Statement Exhibit 3: AMZN Balance Sheet Exhibit 4: WMT Income Statement Exhibit 5: WMT Balance Sheet Exhibit 6: Promotional Ad Example Promotional Ad Source Exhibit 7: Promotion Example-Scholarship Program Promotion Example-Scholarship Program Source Exhibit 8: US Promotional Focuses Broken Down in Quarters On Best Buy Media Network, 2011) Exhibit 9: Organizational Chart Exhibit 10: BBY Balance Sheet Exhibit 11: BBY Income Statement Here are my thoughts†¦ The purpose of this Case History is to provide data for the next document, the Case Analysis. You should examine your Case History to ensure that it contains sufficient data for a complete Strategic Analysis—an Environment Analysis an d a Company Analysis. For example, do you have sufficient data to conduct a PEST Analysis? Do you have sufficient data for conducting a complete Competitive Forces Analysis? On page 5, you do not provide data under the heading of â€Å"Leadership†. On a more comprehensive scale, does the Case History tell the story of Best Buy, or is the Case History a collection of different pieces of data? Does the sequence of the data facilitate a story? From the Heading â€Å"Balance Sheet Analysis† to the end of the document’s text, you seem to be presenting an analysis. The purpose of the Case History, though, is to present data. The analysis should be saved for the next document, the Case Analysis. Midnight- Sunday, February 3rd Other points to Add: 5 Forces Model Highlights: Risk of Entry by competitors- * Low everyone is in that wants to be * Intensity of Rivalry * High * Bargaining power of buyers * High price and experience dictate where we go * Bargaining power of suppliers * Low buyers took control * Closeness of substitutes * No idea what a substitute would be †¦ * Power of complement providers * †¦ PEST Analysis: * Political * * Economic * disposable income levels affect the amount people want to spend on these goods * Social * Trending products * Technological * whoever continues to provide/produce the newest gadgets How to cite Case History on Best Buy, Essay examples

Progression of Engaging Job World Through †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Progression Of Engaging Job World Through? Answer: Introduction Career growth is a lifelong progression of engaging the job world through selecting among occupation opportunities that are available. Many factors influence peoples choice of a career and these include; personal talents and educational achievement (bandura et al., 2001). Choices made in university and afterwards depend on peoples level of self-knowledge and can finally define your competitiveness in the job market and the degree of profession accomplishment and meaningfulness possessed by people (Bullock and McConnell, 2014). An individual should identify his interests and what he is good at in order to select a career wisely. Writing a career action plan involves stages such as self-assessment, career exploration and making a final decision (Ye, 2014). When you identify what you want be career-wise, it will be easy to establish your goals. Your career achievement plan will consist of goals and the procedures you will follow to reach them (Keller, 2016). Critical reflection Self-reflection is time for a person to look at him/herself and learns what drives him, his belief system and his opinions of the previous experiences (Park and Lee, 2011). My interests To stay encouraged in my career I have engaged in activities which are of importance to me, While I was in high school my favorite subject was biology and my love for biology pushed me to do bachelors of Science in microbiology in my undergraduate studies (Endres, 2006). After I graduated from the university, I worked at agricultural research Centre where I was carrying evaluation of maize inbred lines and commercial hybrids for aflatoxin resistance. My interest was to discover maize lines that can resist aflatoxin accumulation because aflatoxin is a major problem that affects people worldwide especially in countries that are developing. The effects of aflatoxin in both humans and livestock which included growth retardation in children, cancer, food insecurity in poor countries, and reduced productivity in livestock pushed me to go back to graduate school where I studied Master of Science in Plant Pathology and I deed my research on evaluation of Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains for aflatoxin resistance in maize for three years. My research on biological control of aflatoxin showed that the biopesticide reduced aflatoxin levels in maize but my ambition in finding a lasting solution to aflatoxin problem in both developing and developed countries is still alive. I would like to be a plant pathologist in future who will improve the quality of peoples live through my scientific research especially on reducing effects of plant diseases and enhancing food security in the world.my career will help me get a well-paying job that will support both my family and me. I would like to do my PhD in mycotoxilogy in the near future and do more research on mycotoxins that negatively impacts peoples life and I can also start my own business through opening plant clinic to diagnose plant diseases and help farmers to get right pesticides to control plant diseases. My 3 key strengths I have worked in microbiology laboratories for the last 3 years and I have been trained in microbiological processes such as isolation, identifications and purification of microbial cultures. I can work in other laboratories and can do research anywhere in the world for I have skills to carry out any field activities and laboratory work concerning microorganisms. I am interested in doing more research on discovering new isolates of fungi that can reduce aflatoxin level in maize, I want to understand technologies used by other scientist from other parts of the world such as American, United Kingdom to manage various fungal diseases in crops. I have energy and ambition to do more research on the above area of my interest. Reading widely about my areas of interest in scientific research has been my hobby science I was young and I believe this is my strength. I dedicate most of my times reading scientific papers in scientific journals and this has widen my knowledge on different technologies that have been used to mitigate different diseases caused by fungi in food crops. I also dedicate my time in laboratory where I did my research on biological control of aflatoxin and however time consuming and tiring it is has never discouraged me from wanting to do more research and pursue my career of becoming a lead plant pathologist in this world. My career will not only benefit me but other people who depend on food crops such as maize and groundnuts as their staple food. In summary my key strength towards discovering my career is my education background, my work experiences in research, my love and ambition of becoming a lead scientist and my unending desire for inventing new technologies that will in future e nd aflatoxin menace especially in developing countries (Khasawneh, 2010). My 3 main career influences My mentor who was my first employer is the person who has influenced me in choosing my career (Heo, 2015). He gave me a job where he was a principal investigators, he is a maize breeder and he gave me hands on training on field management trials (evaluating maize lines and hybrid for aflatoxin resistance).while working with him I was able to learn a lot through international trainings that I attended especially on the importance of Bt maize and mass rearing of stem borer. He encouraged me to go back and pursue my master degree and made me believe in myself. The training and experienced that I gained from working with the agricultural research Centre influenced my career choice (Kang and Lee, 2011). I developed interest on controlling diseases and pests that affects maize production through working in maize research. My thesis research on biological control of aflatoxin is another factor that influenced my career choice. I spent 3 years on pursuing my masters program and the part that took most of my time was the field and laboratory research that I did which has influenced my career choice. The last factor that influenced my career choice is the amount of income that I got being a research assistant and also I was given good stipend while I was a master student doing my research. The income I received catered for my personal needs including housing, food and also I was given accident and medical cover. How my key strengths and my main career influences impact my career action plan My strength which strengths such as my educational background, skills and experiences I gained while working and doing my thesis research impacts my career action because am not going to venture in a different field but I am determine to look for a job in an institution or organization that deals with research on mycotoxins. I would like to pursue PhD in plant pathology specializing in mycotoxilogy and finally I hope to mentor students in universities especially those interested in pursuing plant pathology degree and I can also work in universities as lecturer. The job offers that I will accept is the one that will pay well thus the amount of income that I will be paid will be a determining factor in this case. Career Action Plan A career action plan is a road map that guides people from selecting a profession to be hired in that occupation to accomplishing their long-term career goals. My short term goals include: Completing my graduate school application and getting the admission, completing my applications for PhD scholarships and getting the scholarship and starting internship process. My medium term goals include: completing doctoral degree, completing postdoctoral degree programs and getting employment. Steps to take to reach my short goals include: Application for admission to graduate school that offers PhD in Plant Pathology, application for scholarships that can support both my tuition and research expenses and application for internship that will cater for my personal needs before I get admission and scholarship to study PhD. Steps to take to reach my medium term goals include: getting admission to pursue PhD, joining a postdoctoral degree programs and application for jobs in research organizations and as a lecturer at universities. Three barriers to achieving my actions with accompanying proactive solutions Barriers that can hinder me from achieving my career goals include: Lack of internship opportunities, sometimes it is possible to get rejection for admission to the graduate school of my choice, Lack of financial resources to pursue my PhD and lack of employment as a barrier to achieving employment goals. Solutions to above listed barriers include: In case of lack of internship opportunities in my country, I can apply for internship in organization in other countries, also some international organizations can give interns opportunities. I can overcome financial barriers by working as a part time lecturer as I pursue my PhD so that the finance I get can support both my research and tuition expenses. Lack of employment of opportunity in the field of ones interest can be overcome by applying for jobs that are available in the market as I wait for the desired opportunity to come. I can apply for admissions to many graduate schools both in country and outside my country and am sure I will get positive feedback at least from one or two universities. Conclusion Family, mentors, school and peoples community have impact on young adults self-identity and profession choice (Kim, 2014). Events that happened in our lives may affect the choices presented to us and changes in economy and subsequent job market may also affect our careers progress (Kemmelmeier and Walton, 2016). People who understand their interest can easily choice a career compared to those who cannot identify their interest (Kim et al., 2016). Identifying barriers that could hinder our capability to reach our goals and then figuring out solutions can assist in overcoming them References Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Carparara, G. V. and Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self- efficacy beliefs as shapers childrens aspirations and career trajectories. Children development, 72: 187-206. 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