Privacy and Homeland Security

Presentation Privacy of people is an issue of concern. This secrecy is ensured under the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 USC 552a. Arrangements of protection of residents ensure each person that their own ID data ought not be gathered without lawful authority.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Privacy and Homeland Security explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) alongside approaches and innovation, are damaging people’s right to protection. The data gathered about a person by the national government and its specialists should just be finished with legitimate approval. The Department of Homeland Security has proceeded to keep up this data in a manner that permits its entrance by unapproved people, gatherings, or organizations. In the customary law, any individual who is wronged by one who wrongfully interferes into their security reveals any close to home data, or does bogus distribution about people’s names can start a claim. Nobody ought to be constrained to give their private data except if under the authority of the law in the event of examinations. The Department of Homeland Security is accused of the obligation of giving instruments to guarantee security to all Americans. Be that as it may, the need to guarantee knowledge makes the office try to gather individual data in assorted manners. As different offices of the DHS gather data, protection Acts require the office to give that there is authority, reason, schedule, and exposure guideline. There have been debates about the manner in which Homeland Security officials gather data from residents. Different quarters have risen grumbles that the office gathers Personally Identifiable Information (PII) without lawful power. The division has additionally been blamed for illicit revelation of individual data. Consequently, this exploration demonstrates that if protection is sabotaged, with the DHS works on proceedin g to be under the umbrella of wellbeing, social liberties will keep on decreasing until they are non-existent. To help this postulation articulation, the report will depend profoundly on the Privacy Act of 1974, the US Constitution, the Patriot Act, the National Defense Authorization Act, division strategies and notices, insightful diaries and law surveys, E-Government Act of 2002, and the Federal Records Act among others. The discoveries will be valuable in improving the use of agreement laws since they uncover the cases when Personally Identifiable Information (PII) can be gathered, uncovered, or shared.Advertising Looking for research paper on country security? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research Questions This paper looks to address the accompanying inquiries: Why is the Department of Homeland Security damaging citizens’ sacred rights in return for insurance? Should the ability to give by and by recognizable data (PII) be deliberate or compulsory by law? Speculation Based on the above examination addresses that have been raised on issues of protection and country security, the paper estimates that the United States residents are eager to surrender their entitlement to protection for the sake of security. The eagerness to give by and by recognizable data (PII) ought to be made willful by altering different US Acts on secrecy. Audit of Literature There is a wide scope of hypothetical and applied writing on the issue of protection and country security. The security of the league of the United States of America is the most basic issue on issues of national intrigue. The reasonable structure gets its power from the fourth amendment, which gives individuals the option to be liberated from any outlandish inquiry as Marc reveals1. Additionally, the fourteenth amendment gives them the option to fair treatment. As indicated by Jacob, â€Å"the Harvard Law Review of 1890 gave the hypothetical pr emise of the rightâ to privacy†2, which has been refered to by numerous books and courts. A few previous leaders of the United States of America have been killed before. In addition, the September 2001 assault on the World Trade Center by psychological militants found the nation napping. Since the September 11 assault, the country security has escalated its security plans, as tended to in the National Defense Authorization Act. According to William, the need to guarantee the protection of residents brought about the â€Å"formation of the protection office in the Department of Homeland Security†3. Under the Privacy Act of 1974, the Department of Homeland Security is accused of the obligation of ensuring the protection all things considered. Nonetheless, straightforwardness in the Department of Homeland Security is additionally ensured under different Acts. William takes note of that straightforwardness manages the appropriation of various protection runs in arranging matters of security4. It additionally guarantees that the innovation embraced by different organizations, including the Department of Homeland Security, holds fast to protection guidelines. The requirement for straightforwardness suggests the Department of Homeland Security take reasonable data Practice standards (FIPPs) in its undertaking to guarantee the protection of residents. The government laws ought to likewise control the reason for which actually recognizable data is to be gotten. Officials of the offices are confined by the Privacy Act of 1974 from getting Personally Identifiable Information from residents without the correct approval. Be that as it may, the issue of security dangers in the US has constrained numerous Americans to give out quite a bit of their own as well as private data for the sake of making sure about themselves. This Act has messed with their common freedom. Common freedom infringement and security issues are developing. One of the huge issues in issu es of security is approval. Paul and Daniel insist that officials from the country security organizations that gather PII must have the privilege legitimate power to complete the duty5. Article 2 (10) of the Montana constitution coordinates that unapproved people can't get by and by recognizable data from any resident in the United States.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Privacy and Homeland Security explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Officers from different barrier departments must be approved to acquire private data. Not all officials are permitted to gather by and by recognizable data. Be that as it may, a significant number of them from different offices inside the DHS abuse their forces to damage the security rights by encouraging associations with the business area and nearby law requirement, just as, utilizing innovation to attack people’s individual lives. They don't acquire official request before completing obligatio ns identified with issues of protection. The Privacy Act 5 USC 552a ensures each resident under scrutiny by the country security by guaranteeing that all data that such security officials may acquire from the person in question is utilized distinctly for the legitimately approved reason. Plus, country security is confined by a similar Act to get just the fundamental and related data. Elizabeth declares that the need to guarantee security and knowledge data ought not be motivation to drive individuals into giving out all their details6. Country security guidelines on the most proficient method to acquire data are illuminated in the Privacy Act of 1974, for instance, the Privacy Act 1974, 5 USC, 552a (e) (3). Every insightful body and offices that look for knowledge data from different people are legally necessary to furnish such people with the Privacy Act Statement. Assortment of PII from a person without their assent as well as the arrangement of the Privacy Act Statement is viewed as illicit. Truth be told, in any event, when the country security needs to gather data for different purposes other than for capacity, the Privacy Act articulation must be given to the respondent. The need to get such records like the Privacy Act Statement has made numerous security offices partner the guidelines with snags towards expedient and free access to knowledge data. As indicated by Jacob, numerous quarters of country security contend that country security officials ought to be permitted to get to individual data from any person all of a sudden or consent7. The discussion behind this way of thinking is that as the security officials set up the records or potentially issue them to the supposed lawbreakers, the crooks can get away or change the data, consequently altering the equity procedure. Protection Acts have, in this way, been related with impediment of insight in the federation. Another basic part of issues of security and country security is the capacity of PII by the experts for the sake of security. The protection Act controls the exposure of individual data by country security to others or organizations.Advertising Searching for research paper on country security? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More As indicated by William, actually recognizable data should be monitored in the most ideal manner conceivable to guarantee that no unapproved individual can get to it and that no off-base reasons, for example, surrendering a portion of the Americans’ rights so as to be sheltered as well as forestall another 9/118. Capacity and routine administration of data are additionally directed by the Privacy Act. Few out of every odd individual who works in country security can be trusted with private data. The people on whom security data can be unveiled is additionally controlled by resolutions, for example, Shine the Light Law (2005) SB 27 and CA Civil Code 1798.83). Such people are balanced dependent on whether the

Industrialization And Environmental Challenge In China Environmental Sciences Essay

Industrialization And Environmental Challenge In China Environmental Sciences Essay China has encountered the universes quickest monetary advancement over the previous decades. Simultaneously, it has confronted ecological debasement, and developing boundaries against advancement. Chinas most gainful city Shanghai has played an especially significant job in Chinas monetary and political turn of events. Be that as it may, the city couldn't maintain a strategic distance from encounter with ecological difficulties, particularly water contamination. The fast monetary development and industrialisation have created high weight on the citys condition. Despite the fact that Shanghai is a waterfront monetary city with copious water sources from different waterways, for example, Yangtze River and Changjiang River, the city has experienced dirtied water and water deficiency. The main explanation is water contamination. As indicated by Shanghai Water Authority (Shanghai Municipal Oceanic Bureau, SWA), larger part of surface water in the city has been dirtied and the water quality doesn't meet the drinking water quality standardsâ [1]â . Likewise, just 2.3 percent of the Huangpu River, Shanghais fundamental water supplies, met the evaluation 1-2 of water quality and 23.0 percent achieved grade 3. The rest 73.8 percent was appraised as evaluation 4-5 (China Water Risk Report 2010). Second, Shanghais water foundation gives 56.1% of the complete water gracefully to its industry part, which incorporates power plants and coal-terminated processing plants, 14.3% to agribusiness, and 10.1% to 23 million inhabitants of its more noteworthy reg ion (UNEP, 2010)â [2]â . This exploration contends that the Shanghai government has made enhancements to tackle the water contamination issue, however these havent been adequate to determine the constant water contamination in the city. The Shanghai authority demands that it knows about the decay of the earth, and it has advanced progressively adjusted examples of improvement utilizing ideas, for example, amicable society and logical turn of events. For example, the metropolitan government propelled $586 billion monetary boost bundle in late 2008, and it put significantly in condition preservation ventures, particularly, water contamination ventures. Likewise the administration actualized the Plan of Underground Water Pollution Prevention and Control(2010-2011) which cost about %5.4 billion(IBIS, 2012)â [3]â . Be that as it may, some exploration led by researchers, for example, Thomas Johnson (2009) and the Chinese Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (2006) raised suspicion on the Shanghai g overnments ecological administration since there hasnt been a perceptible improvement. Additionally some experimental information show that the emanations of significant water toxins from the modern part is as yet thought to be not kidding, and the measure of wastewater released from the mechanical and family unit segments keeps on expanding. To begin with, this examination expect that the Shanghai governments administration has been encountering challenges in controlling water contamination in light of the feeble lawful instrument in confining toxins discharge. In respect with water security, the administration has a few lawful estimates, for example, Environmental effect evaluation system(EIA), The Three Simultaneity System, Pollution demand framework, Pollution release detailing framework, Emission grant framework, Total outflow control framework, Enforcement of contamination reduction for resistance, and Enforcement of closing down, combining and moving system(Xin, 2009). In any case, the law requirement and punishment burden have not been compelling practically speaking, which caused the disappointment in limiting poisons discharge. For instance, the measure of three significant toxin emanations SO2, COD and residue has not been effectively diminished. In SO2s case, the measure of mechanical outflow even expanded dur ing 1990-2006 (Wen, 2007)â [4]â . Research Question 1. Does the Shanghai government have adequate lawful measures in confining water toxin discharge? 2. If not, what are the reasons for the issue? Second, the Shanghai government doesn't appear to be completely inspired to actualize water assurance arrangements. Since the state governments significant concern is monetary development under the GDP-Â based developmentâ system, the civil governments, including Shanghai, definitely have been financial development situated influenced by the state governments system. As demonstrated above, the greater part of the water supplies in Shanghai have been dispensed in the business division. Likewise, nature division of the administration has experienced making sure about adequate specialized HR due to its spending limit, which implies the legislature has put its high need to the industrialization and monetary development. Research Question 1. Has the water contamination issue been high on the Shanghai governments needs? Third, this exploration presumes that the availability the exact data and information and the inert open investment have brought down the Shanghai governments viability in executing the natural administration. Albeit precise data and its openness and dynamic open interest could play a significant job in the administrations natural administration, the pace of open cooperation is somewhat low and the availability of the exact data is as yet restricted in correlation with other created nations. People in general ought to have the option to get to the precise data and information, and be associated with the checking and assessment framework. For instance, NGOs could fill in for the costly specialized HR. Research Question 1. Does the Shanghai government have the simple availability for people in general to exact natural data and information? The Shanghai governments administration with respect to water contamination issues has not been adequate. Since the legislature is driven by the financial development situated system of the inside government, the law implementation in limiting water poison emanations have been insufficient regardless of a few legitimate measures. Likewise people in general doesn't have simple availability of the exact data and information. These three variables have not effectively improved the water quality in Shanghai, which will cause a genuine water deficiency. The water lack will have repercussion for the entire nation. It will straightforwardly influence the residents prosperity and block China from practical turn of events.

Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process

Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process Inspiration Print Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 12, 2020 Dimitri Otis / Stone / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Inspiration Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Problem-solving is a mental process that involves discovering, analyzing and solving problems. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue. The best strategy for solving a problem depends largely on the unique situation. In some cases, people are better off learning everything they can about the issue and then using factual knowledge to come up with a solution. In other instances, creativity and insight are the best options. The Steps in Problem-Solving In order to correctly solve a problem, it is important to follow a series of steps. Many researchers refer to this as the problem-solving cycle.?? While this cycle is portrayed sequentially, people rarely follow a rigid series of steps to find a solution. It is not necessary to follow problem-solving steps sequentially, It is common to skip steps or even go back through steps multiple times until the desired solution is reached. The following steps include developing strategies and organizing knowledge. Identifying the Problem: While it may seem like an obvious step, identifying the problem is not always as simple as it sounds. In some cases, people might mistakenly identify the wrong source of a problem, which will make attempts to solve it inefficient or even useless.Defining the Problem: After the problem has been identified, it is important to fully define the problem so that it can be solved.Forming a Strategy: The next step is to develop a strategy to solve the problem. The approach used will vary depending upon the situation and the individuals unique preferences.Organizing Information: Before coming up with a solution, we need to first organize the available information. What do we know about the problem? What do we not know? The more information that is available, the better prepared we will be to come up with an accurate solution.Allocating Resources: Of course, we dont always have unlimited money, time, and other resources to solve a problem. Before you begin to solve a p roblem, you need to determine how high priority it is. If it is an important problem, it is probably worth allocating more resources to solving it. If, however, it is a fairly unimportant problem, then you do not want to spend too much of your available resources into coming up with a solution.Monitoring Progress: Effective problem-solvers tend to monitor their progress as they work towards a solution. If they are not making good progress toward reaching their goal, they will reevaluate their approach or look for new strategies.Evaluating the Results: After a solution has been reached, it is important to evaluate the results to determine if it is the best possible solution to the problem. This evaluation might be immediate, such as checking the results of a math problem to ensure the answer is correct, or it can be delayed, such as evaluating the success of a therapy program after several months of treatment.?

Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process

Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process Inspiration Print Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 12, 2020 Dimitri Otis / Stone / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Inspiration Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Brain Health Technology Relationships View All Problem-solving is a mental process that involves discovering, analyzing and solving problems. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue. The best strategy for solving a problem depends largely on the unique situation. In some cases, people are better off learning everything they can about the issue and then using factual knowledge to come up with a solution. In other instances, creativity and insight are the best options. The Steps in Problem-Solving In order to correctly solve a problem, it is important to follow a series of steps. Many researchers refer to this as the problem-solving cycle.?? While this cycle is portrayed sequentially, people rarely follow a rigid series of steps to find a solution. It is not necessary to follow problem-solving steps sequentially, It is common to skip steps or even go back through steps multiple times until the desired solution is reached. The following steps include developing strategies and organizing knowledge. Identifying the Problem: While it may seem like an obvious step, identifying the problem is not always as simple as it sounds. In some cases, people might mistakenly identify the wrong source of a problem, which will make attempts to solve it inefficient or even useless.Defining the Problem: After the problem has been identified, it is important to fully define the problem so that it can be solved.Forming a Strategy: The next step is to develop a strategy to solve the problem. The approach used will vary depending upon the situation and the individuals unique preferences.Organizing Information: Before coming up with a solution, we need to first organize the available information. What do we know about the problem? What do we not know? The more information that is available, the better prepared we will be to come up with an accurate solution.Allocating Resources: Of course, we dont always have unlimited money, time, and other resources to solve a problem. Before you begin to solve a p roblem, you need to determine how high priority it is. If it is an important problem, it is probably worth allocating more resources to solving it. If, however, it is a fairly unimportant problem, then you do not want to spend too much of your available resources into coming up with a solution.Monitoring Progress: Effective problem-solvers tend to monitor their progress as they work towards a solution. If they are not making good progress toward reaching their goal, they will reevaluate their approach or look for new strategies.Evaluating the Results: After a solution has been reached, it is important to evaluate the results to determine if it is the best possible solution to the problem. This evaluation might be immediate, such as checking the results of a math problem to ensure the answer is correct, or it can be delayed, such as evaluating the success of a therapy program after several months of treatment.?

Culture Relativism Essays - 575 Words

Culture Relativism Culture Relativism is a contradictory theory for the explanation of the way we ought to live because the roots of the theory don’t give any explanation for what is right and wrong but instead only a means for right and wrong to be judged. By no fathom of the imagination can one contend that his or her own self ideas are correct there are certain bias that come with all judgments on the correct way to live, but if culture relativism stood true than it must be able to give some sort of universal truth. To produce a theory that says in its entirety the correct way to live depends on the culture you were brought up in and that is a truth contradicts itself. Culture relativists contend that this is a truth all†¦show more content†¦Then a very thought-provoking rational was extended to the reasoning behind such cases, Eskimos are a very isolated and nomadic group the ability to survive in very harsh weather is the key to survival in this culture, therefore one must produce to support the family, the men in the family produce and the women take care of the family. If one grows elderly and is unable to produce or take care of the family the person is left outside to die. This natural population control is the key to being able to have enough supplies for the family to survive. Also the Eskimo birthrate is very high, because of the limitations on the culture to produce for itself it can not sustain a high birthright, moreover because of the distribution of sexes in families it is not uncommon for the female to be put to death at birth, while the male will be raised to hunt and support the family. It takes more males then females. It would be better to put one person to death than lose the whole family because there are not enough supplies to go around. A cultural relativist would contend that because of these stipulations it would be wrong to assume because the Eskimos are differentShow MoreRelatedCultural Relativism : Culture And Culture993 Words   |à ‚  4 Pagesdifferent cultures interact closely to each other. This contact may be a good one or a bad one. It all depends on how open mind we are and how respectful we are with the different cultures. As curious persons, almost everyone wants to know about others cultures, which are its tradition, religion, costume, and how that culture works. However, people make judgment about the things they may think are wrong, disgusting, or even inhuman from other cultures. Because they think that their culture is betterRead MoreCultural Relativism : The Moral Code Of A Culture1470 Words   |  6 PagesCultural relativism is self-explanatory in its name but goes deeper beyond that. Cultural relativism states that standards are relative to one’s culture. There are no standards of morality shared by all societies; all rules are controlled by the society in which a person lives. If the moral code of a culture says that an action is right than according to those standards, the action is rig ht. If the society says that a certain action is wrong, without any input from other cultures, the action is wrongRead MoreCultural Pluralism And Relativism For The Chinese Culture Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Death is a universal human experience and is culturally constructed with specific social and ancient practices. Hence, different cultures harbor visible and invisible components which influence health beliefs (Potter Perry, 2014, p.110). It is important to understand the significance of culturally based care to promote health knowledge in sensitive, creative, and meaningful ways. With the processes of enculturation and acculturation, health providers can promote culturally sensitiveRead MoreEthical Relativism And The Norms Of One s Culture807 Words   |  4 PagesEthical relativism is the theory that holds morality relative to the norms of one s culture. Meaning, whether an action is right or wrong will depend on the moral norms of that society in which you reside. Though some actions may be viewed right in one society, it does not mean it will be morally right in another. I take the view of an ethical relativist, where there is no universal moral standards. I believe this becau se morality is constantly changing. Society’s beliefs, values and ideas areRead MoreUsing The Library Search Tools And 1-2 Multimedia Resources1373 Words   |  6 Pagesrefugees. 3. Definitions: a. Cultural relativism is looking at beliefs and values of a culture from the view point of the culture itself. b. Subjective relativism is the view that if a person thinks something is morally right or wrong, then it is. c. Emotivism says that if someone believes something is right or wrong, that doesn’t make it so. Their beliefs are based on emotions. d. These play a role in the refugee issues because the refugees come from different cultures, which may have different beliefRead More Philosophy for Children Essay3725 Words   |  15 Pagesphilosophical climate today is that of a post-modernism emerging from thinkers such as Derrida and Rorty. Here we discover a provocative tension between ideas of truth and ideas of meaning. Associated with this issue is the debate between epistemological relativism and absolutism. How do these influences shape the community of inquiry and its dialogic activity? Are we seeking the truth in community? Or is that very word verboten in todays intellectual climate? If we are seeking meaning, can we do so withinRead More A Students Guide to Liberal Learning by James V. Schall716 Words   |  3 Pagescontradictions. The author criticizes relativism and skepticism. When on the latter, he has the ordinary conservative definition of relativism: Truth does not exist; everything has equal claims to truth. Indeed several relativists have interpreted the position to this affirmation, but as Schall notes it is a contradicting outlook, so one thing a thorough intellectual thinker could have done is to take a more complex accurate relativist view. Actually, relativism, as the name itself indicates strainsRead MoreTruth Is Not Moral Truth1273 Words   |  6 Pagesperception of society, and justice. Truth creates the foundation of trust required for such communities to exist as families, cities, states and country. Discussions around our dinner table often encompass the meaning of truth and the opposite of truth, relativism. Parents frequently impress upon their children that they must â€Å"tell the truth† in trivial matters, with the hope that these children one day grow into honest, productive members of society. But, why is truth so important? Truth exists as theRead MoreRelativism Vs Realism953 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Cipullo Professor Butera Philosophy 103 October 28, 2017 Relativism or Realism What is Plato’s reasoning for rejecting moral relativism in favor of moral realism? Moral Relativism is defined as the view that moral judgements are true and false only relative to some particular standpoint and no standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others. An interpretation of moral relativism is that it is an understanding that the ethical position of right or wrong is culturally centeredRead MoreMorality is Relative Essays637 Words   |  3 PagesMorality is Not Relative, is incorrect, he provides arguments that cannot logically be applied or have no bearing on the statement of contention. His argument, seems to favor some of the ideas set forth in cultural relativism, but he has issues with other parts that make cultural relativism what it is. The first mistake is in his comparison following the example of there being different moral codes. In outlining and explaining the cultural differences argument, he gives an example that he began

Who Are Known to Have Built the Pyramid of Giza and Stonehenge Free Essay Example, 1250 words

In history class, we were told that the pyramids of Egypt were made by Egyptians as tombs. We cannot deny that they were made by ancient Egyptians but specifically by who is what we are trying to ask. According to Wikipedia, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu and he had the structure built for a 20 year period. Experts are in debate as to whether it was built with slave labor or with expert artisans, but Pyramid of secrets by Alan Alford can give us some insight into this debate. This book indicated that there were specific passages and pathways that were expertly planned and studied before being built. He also indicated that somehow, the people who built these passages wanted them to be found in some way, ideally by someone who would take time to study architecture . In contrast, Stonehenge, although built in Europe, specifically Wiltshire, we can not be sure who built it. Researchers, scientists, and experts have had different stories, theories, and speculations about who made this structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Are Known to Have Built the Pyramid of Giza and Stonehenge or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In an article called Did "Other People" Build the Pyramids or Stonehenge? by kosmo. hubpages. com, it indicates that the mere feat of building these architectural marvels, coupled with the cost and technology at the time indicate that they were built by extraterrestrials. This theory may sound farfetched or confusing however, this does give us an idea about just how alike these 2 structures are in terms of mystery, artistry and advanced technology.

Case History on Best Buy Free Essays

string(43) " must find a new way to attract customers\." Best Buy, Inc. Case Study: Case History Clayton Bender, Justin Swanson, Kaitlyn Krause, Michelle Chambers, Elmon Tanielian Company Background: Best Buy Co. , Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Case History on Best Buy or any similar topic only for you Order Now operates as a multinational retailer of consumer electronics within the services industry. Founded in 1966 under the name Sound of Music, Inc. , Best Buy underwent a name change in 1988. It was founded by Mr. Richard M. Schulze and is headquartered in Richfield, Minnesota. Best Buy operates under a Board of Directors but is a publicly traded company owned by stockholders. The company operates retail stores and call centers and conducts online retail operations under a range of brand names such as Best Buy, Best Buy Mobile, The CarPhone Warehouse, Five Star, Future Shop, Geek Squad, Magnolia Audio Video, Pacific Sales and The Phone House. Best Buy is the 11th largest online retailer worldwide and ranks #468 on the Forbes Global 2000 (Global 2000 Leading Companies, 2012). The mission of Best Buy, though not directly outlined as such, can be summed up by a quote from the CEO. Our formula is simple: we’re a growth company focused on better solving the unmet needs of our customers—and we rely on our employees to solve those puzzles. Thanks for stopping† (About. com). Best Buy’s vision is, â€Å"To make a meaningful and lasting impact on the quality of life in the countries and communities we serve. † Best Buy has four primary values that govern decision-making processes; unleash the power of our people, learn from challeng es and change, show respect, humility and integrity, and have fun while being the best (Code of Business Ethics, 2013). Best Buy’s Market Philosophy: Best Buy operates in all 50 states, districts and territories within the United States. Various brand names under the Best Buy Inc. umbrella exist throughout the geographic area including Best Buy, Best Buy Mobile, Geek Squad, Magnolia Audio Video and Pacific Sales (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). In the US alone, Best Buy reaches nearly 1 billion consumers each year in stores, on BestBuy. com and on m. BestBuy. com or the mobile shopping website. Out of the $165 billion per year spent on electronics in the U. S. , more than 6% of that is at Best Buy —ahead of Wal-Mart Stores (12%), Amazon. com (5%), Costco (3. 5), and Target (2. 5%) (On Best Buy Media Network, 2011). Within the domestic market, store development is aimed at multi-channel retail points of presence that focus on a given local environment, while simultaneously decreasing overall store square footage. To do this, the company anticipates closing approximately 50 large format U. S. Best Buy branded stores in fiscal year 2013 to explore other options, as well as downsizing to appeal to increasingly popular online shopping trends. They have also decided to close all Best Buy branded stores in the UK, Turkey, and China. They instead chose to focus their attention on their Five Star branded stores in China, and their CarPhone Warehouse, and Phone House stores in Europe. Best Buy’s international market is comprised of operations in Canada (Best  Buy, Best  Buy Mobile, Cell Shop, Connect Pro, Future Shop and Geek Squad), Europe (The CarPhone Warehouse, The Phone House and Geek Squad), China (Five Star), and Mexico (Best Buy and Geek Squad) (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). These varied brands allow the company to include several lines of consumer retail products such as mobile phone products, entertainment products, appliances and related services that are tailored to appeal to each niche market. In 2012, international markets generated 26% of Best Buy’s revenue (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). In the Canadian market, Best Buy is the fastest-growing specialty retailer and â€Å"e-tailer† of consumer electronics, PCs, and entertainment software. Best Buy focuses on children and communities, attempting to â€Å"help youth develop their skill set, discover their talents, and sustain a lasting interest in education† (About Us, 2013). Best Buy has decided to close their large-format Best Buy branded stores in China, Turkey, and the United Kingdom in order to reach areas that offer the best growth opportunity to particular locations (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Competitive Environment: Best Buy’s competitors range between online retailers (Amazon), big box retailers (Target and Wal-Mart), club stores (Sam’s Club and Costco), pecialty electronic retailers (Apple), and home improvement stores (Home Depot and Lowes). Some Best Buy rivals compete purely on price, while others compete on experience. Best Buy believes that online retailers will have their price advantage reduced as state governments around the country re-evaluate sales tax laws that allow some online competitors to offer lower prices. Additionally to combat price wars Best Buy also has price matching policies for other brick and mortar retailers and during this last holiday shopping season even matched some online retailers’ prices (Best Buy to Match Online Prices, 2012). With the elimination of Best Buy’s biggest rival, Circuit City, they are left to focus on competitors such as Amazon, Wal-Mart, and Home Depot. None of these stores compete directly with Best Buy in every segment, but each of them offers products that compete directly with Best Buy. As shown in Exhibit 1, while Best Buy does compete with Home Depot and Lowes, the effect of appliances on Best Buy’s sales is quite small, accounting for only 5% of sales in 2011. Because there are no stores which offer a value proposition exactly like Best Buy, it presents a problem when analyzing financial statements of Best Buy’s main competitors (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). See Exhibits 2-5 for detailed copies of Amazon and Wal-Mart financial statements. Trends- Best Buy competes in the electronics stores and consumer electronics industries. The industry overall is heading into new territory as online shopping continues to take over the market. Recently, traditional big box stores such as Best Buy have been threatened by an increase in online consumption tendencies. Often, consumers will use stores such as Best Buy as a showroom to test new products, make a purchase decision, but then go home and find a cheaper price online. With many established, online retailers of consumer electronics on the web, retailers must find a new way to attract customers. You read "Case History on Best Buy" in category "Essay examples" The various methods of promotional channels such as large and small structured stores, websites, and kiosks, are all ways the company is tailoring to the market they are attempting to reach. Marketing: Products and Services- Best Buy specializes in technological goods and services. This includes home office, consumer electronics, appliances, and entertainment software. Best Buy is an ideally suited ‘one-stop-shop’. Best Buy offers Geek Squad Technical Support to consumers to aid with any difficulties or defects, to ensure customer happiness, and build loyalty. Also offered is a low-price-guarantee, where Best Buy will match the price if you find a lower price on an identical available product at a local retail competitor’s store, a local Best Buy retail store or BestBuy. com (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). As Best Buy is not a manufacturer of unique products, the main differentiating factors would be their low-price-guarantee and the in-home service â€Å"The Geek Squad†, which offers personalized technical support. In addition, there are many products that are exclusive to Best Buy, such as certain televisions, video games, and computer devices. Distribution- Best Buy sells products through both its 1,103 retail locations and their website bestbuy. com. Domestic Distribution- Inside the U. S. , most Best Buy products are shipped directly from the manufacturers to the regional distribution centers. The exceptions to this method are large TV’s and appliances which are shipped from producers to specific satellite warehouses in each major market. In certain cases, where release dates play a large role in a product, the item will go directly from the producer to individual Best Buy stores (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Products purchased online are either picked up in store, or shipped directly to consumers via the same regional distribution centers the stores receive their products from. International Distribution- In Europe, Best Buy’s two small cell phone stores have their products shipped from manufacturers to regional distribution centers and then to the stores. Individual stores hold only immediate stock requirements while distribution centers hold additional merchandise. Best Buy stores in Canada and Mexico follow the distribution method used in the U. S. (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Promotion- The customer base is primarily centered on high income earners (75,000+), 24-54 aged males who have children (ad example targeting this listed in exhibit 6). Best Buy shoppers are viewed as mobile, technically savvy, advanced digital users, who are highly engaged in learning about technology as well as encourage their children to learn about technology, too (On Best Buy Media Network, 2011) (promotion example targeting this listed in exhibit 7). Including selling, general and administrative expenses, promotional costs were $995,000,000 in fiscal year 2012, $862,000,000 in 2011, and $709,000,000 in 2010 (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Best Buy has traditionally focused on media involving print, television, large-scale events, and is now shifting gears more towards digital advertising for promotional efforts due to consumer changes in shopping habits. Best Buy spends most of the promotional budget during the holiday season in response to high sales during Thanksgiving, Black Friday, Cyber Monday, and Christmas (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). A detailed list of quarterly expenses can be found in exhibit 8. One of the largest and most expensive promotional efforts undertaken by Best Buy is the commercial segments aired during the Super Bowl. Best Buy has utilized this tactic for the past three years. In 2011, the commercial featured the celebrities Justin Bieber and Ozzy Osbourne. In 2012, it featured mobile innovations such as Instagram and the popular game, Angry Birds. For this upcoming Super Bowl, Best Buy will feature the comedian Amy Poehler. These are significant decisions considering this year’s thirty-second ad placement cost $4 million and is projected to reach over 100 million viewers (The Associated Press, 2013). Leadership: Best Buy’s Board of Directors, elected by the shareholders, is responsible for overseeing the business and affairs in order to manage the long-term interests of the company (Best Buy, Inc. , 2013). The Board of Directors is in charge of selecting and evaluating the performance of senior executives. There are four distinct committees structured within the Board: Audit Committee, Compensation and Human Resources Committee, Finance and Investment Policy Committee, and Nominating, Corporate Governance, and Public Policy Committee. A detailed visual of the organizational structure can be viewed in exhibit 9. Organizational Culture: Traditionally, Best Buy has been known for enforcing strict policies and encouraging employees to work overtime. In 2003, however, the corporate culture was radically changed to a system designed by two of the company’s own human resource department employees, Cali Ressler and Jody Thompson (Brandon, 2007). This system, known as ROWE or the results-only-work-environment, allows personnel to come and go as they please. Many corporate employees have no official office or work schedule. Similar systems have become popular in the advanced technical industry, including companies such as IBM, but no such corporate culture existed in a large retail company before Best Buy. The system is working to meet their goals, as employee turnover decreased drastically after implementation. However, recently, employee satisfaction has suffered as a result of a decrease in company profitability (Conlin, 2006). Stakeholders: The primary stakeholders are the stockholders; the individuals that have an active interest in the company’s successes and failures because their personal investments are directly impacted. Additional stakeholders include employees (who rely on the company to stay in business and guarantee their employment), consumers (who depend on the products and services of the company), and the surrounding community which Best Buy is committed to serving in their values. Currently, a general concern of stakeholders is the increasingly competitive nature of the of the electronic retail market. With e-retail and internet stores becoming more significant players in the market place, Best Buy seems to have become a place of research and testing by the consumer, rather than actual purchasing. Stakeholders are calling for innovative and differentiating factors to emerge for Best Buy to remain a key player in the consumer electronic market. In addition, as typical of most companies, the stakeholders of Best Buy want increased sales and profit margins, to hopefully lead to increased stock prices as well. Financials: Balance Sheet- Best Buy currently has approximately $16 Billion in assets, $12 Billion in liabilities, and $3 Billion in stockholder equity. Over the past three years, total assets and stockholder equity have been decreasing while total liabilities have been increasing. (Best Buy Balance Sheet) A detailed balance sheet can be found in exhibit 10. Income Statements- Best Buy had a loss in net income during FY 2012 of $1. 2 billion compared to net earnings of $1. 3 billion in 2011. A detailed balance sheet can be found in exhibit 11. Objectives ; Performance Strategy: Best Buy competes in a competitive retail industry constantly affected by the current state of the economy and consumer confidence. Such an industry presents difficulty in predicting consumer behaviors and corresponding sales. These tough times have forced Best Buy to begin transforming the company and hone in on strategies they believe will â€Å"offer the best opportunities to improve returns† (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Best Buy has committed to focusing on four main initiatives all revolving around that transformation and improving financial performance. Multi-year Cost Reductions- Best Buy aims to lower the cost structure of various areas of their business through improvements in efficiency as well as current investments designed to provide long term earnings benefits. These changes will include closing 50 of their large, brick-and-mortar stores within fiscal year 2013. In addition they aim to decrease the costs of goods sold as well as reduction in corporate and support structures (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). U. S. Store Format Improvements- Best Buy will be revising their store formats in order to â€Å"increase points of presence, while decreasing overall square footage†. These changes will occur through increasing the number of their Best Buy Mobile stand-alone stores, decreasing their large-format stores, and to remodel key market Best Buy stores into their smaller, leaner, â€Å"Connected Stores (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Growth Initiatives- Best Buy will execute growth initiatives in e-commerce, connections, services, and China. They will approach growth in e-commerce with â€Å"more competitive online pricing, broader use of free shipping, the expansion of our online assortment, and further development of Best Buy Marketplace†. There will be a focus on increasing all mobile connection expertise, all product services, and store locations in China. Improved Customer Experience- Best Buy believes that they differentiate themselves from competitors through careful and persistent attention to the experiences their customers have. Through programs such as their â€Å"Perfect Match Promise† which provides customers with a 30 day period of full technical support, hassle-free returns, and competitor price matching as well as their Reward Zone loyalty programs, they desire to provide their customers with an incomparable experience as they shop at Best Buy. Finally, Best Buy aims to increase their enhanced training for employees in order to meet these customer service goals (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012). Works Cited Global 2000 Leading Companies. (2012, April). Retrieved from Forbes: http://www. forbes. com/companies/best-buy/ Best Buy Balance Sheet. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Yahoo Finance: http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bs? s=BBY+Balance+Sheet;annual Best Buy Income Statement. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Yahoo Finance: http://finance. yahoo. com/q/is? s=BBY+Income+Statement;annual Best Buy, Inc. (2011, January 23). On Best Buy Media Network. Retrieved from Best Buy Media Kit: http://www. bestbuymediakit. com/assets/files/Media_Kit_Presentation. pdf Best Buy, Inc. (2012). Best Buy 10k Report. Richfield: Best Buy. Best Buy, Inc. (2013, January 22). About Us. Retrieved from Best Buy Canada: http://www. bestbuy. ca/en-CA/about-best-buy-canada. aspx? path=9825360f7559258208ae2438cb28c580en99 Best Buy, Inc. (2013, January 22). Code of Business Ethics. Retrieved from Ethics Point: https://secure. ethicspoint. com/domain/media/en/gui/32565/code. html? 3 Brandon, J. (2007, April 4). Rethinking the Time Clock. Retrieved from CNN Money: http://money. cnn. com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/03/01/8401022/index. htm Conlin, M. (2006, December 10). Smashing the Clock. Retrieved from Bloomberg Businessweek Magazine: http://www. businessweek. com/stories/2006-12-10/smashing-the-clock Kerrigan, H. (2012, April). Results-Only Work Environment Goes Public Sector. Retrieved from Governing: http://www. governing. com/topics/public-workforce/gov-results-only-work-environment-goes-public-sector. html The Associated Press. (2013, January 22). Best Buy Super Bowl branding spot will focus on humor, enlists Amy Poehler. The Washington Post, p. 1. Zimmerman, A. (2012, 10 12). Best Buy to Match Online Prices. Wall Street Journal. Exhibit 1: Best Buy’s Domestic Sales Allocation (Best Buy 10k Report, 2012) Exhibit 2: AMZN Income Statement Exhibit 3: AMZN Balance Sheet Exhibit 4: WMT Income Statement Exhibit 5: WMT Balance Sheet Exhibit 6: Promotional Ad Example Promotional Ad Source Exhibit 7: Promotion Example-Scholarship Program Promotion Example-Scholarship Program Source Exhibit 8: US Promotional Focuses Broken Down in Quarters On Best Buy Media Network, 2011) Exhibit 9: Organizational Chart Exhibit 10: BBY Balance Sheet Exhibit 11: BBY Income Statement Here are my thoughts†¦ The purpose of this Case History is to provide data for the next document, the Case Analysis. You should examine your Case History to ensure that it contains sufficient data for a complete Strategic Analysis—an Environment Analysis an d a Company Analysis. For example, do you have sufficient data to conduct a PEST Analysis? Do you have sufficient data for conducting a complete Competitive Forces Analysis? On page 5, you do not provide data under the heading of â€Å"Leadership†. On a more comprehensive scale, does the Case History tell the story of Best Buy, or is the Case History a collection of different pieces of data? Does the sequence of the data facilitate a story? From the Heading â€Å"Balance Sheet Analysis† to the end of the document’s text, you seem to be presenting an analysis. The purpose of the Case History, though, is to present data. The analysis should be saved for the next document, the Case Analysis. Midnight- Sunday, February 3rd Other points to Add: 5 Forces Model Highlights: Risk of Entry by competitors- * Low everyone is in that wants to be * Intensity of Rivalry * High * Bargaining power of buyers * High price and experience dictate where we go * Bargaining power of suppliers * Low buyers took control * Closeness of substitutes * No idea what a substitute would be †¦ * Power of complement providers * †¦ PEST Analysis: * Political * * Economic * disposable income levels affect the amount people want to spend on these goods * Social * Trending products * Technological * whoever continues to provide/produce the newest gadgets How to cite Case History on Best Buy, Essay examples

Progression of Engaging Job World Through †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Progression Of Engaging Job World Through? Answer: Introduction Career growth is a lifelong progression of engaging the job world through selecting among occupation opportunities that are available. Many factors influence peoples choice of a career and these include; personal talents and educational achievement (bandura et al., 2001). Choices made in university and afterwards depend on peoples level of self-knowledge and can finally define your competitiveness in the job market and the degree of profession accomplishment and meaningfulness possessed by people (Bullock and McConnell, 2014). An individual should identify his interests and what he is good at in order to select a career wisely. Writing a career action plan involves stages such as self-assessment, career exploration and making a final decision (Ye, 2014). When you identify what you want be career-wise, it will be easy to establish your goals. Your career achievement plan will consist of goals and the procedures you will follow to reach them (Keller, 2016). Critical reflection Self-reflection is time for a person to look at him/herself and learns what drives him, his belief system and his opinions of the previous experiences (Park and Lee, 2011). My interests To stay encouraged in my career I have engaged in activities which are of importance to me, While I was in high school my favorite subject was biology and my love for biology pushed me to do bachelors of Science in microbiology in my undergraduate studies (Endres, 2006). After I graduated from the university, I worked at agricultural research Centre where I was carrying evaluation of maize inbred lines and commercial hybrids for aflatoxin resistance. My interest was to discover maize lines that can resist aflatoxin accumulation because aflatoxin is a major problem that affects people worldwide especially in countries that are developing. The effects of aflatoxin in both humans and livestock which included growth retardation in children, cancer, food insecurity in poor countries, and reduced productivity in livestock pushed me to go back to graduate school where I studied Master of Science in Plant Pathology and I deed my research on evaluation of Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains for aflatoxin resistance in maize for three years. My research on biological control of aflatoxin showed that the biopesticide reduced aflatoxin levels in maize but my ambition in finding a lasting solution to aflatoxin problem in both developing and developed countries is still alive. I would like to be a plant pathologist in future who will improve the quality of peoples live through my scientific research especially on reducing effects of plant diseases and enhancing food security in the world.my career will help me get a well-paying job that will support both my family and me. I would like to do my PhD in mycotoxilogy in the near future and do more research on mycotoxins that negatively impacts peoples life and I can also start my own business through opening plant clinic to diagnose plant diseases and help farmers to get right pesticides to control plant diseases. My 3 key strengths I have worked in microbiology laboratories for the last 3 years and I have been trained in microbiological processes such as isolation, identifications and purification of microbial cultures. I can work in other laboratories and can do research anywhere in the world for I have skills to carry out any field activities and laboratory work concerning microorganisms. I am interested in doing more research on discovering new isolates of fungi that can reduce aflatoxin level in maize, I want to understand technologies used by other scientist from other parts of the world such as American, United Kingdom to manage various fungal diseases in crops. I have energy and ambition to do more research on the above area of my interest. Reading widely about my areas of interest in scientific research has been my hobby science I was young and I believe this is my strength. I dedicate most of my times reading scientific papers in scientific journals and this has widen my knowledge on different technologies that have been used to mitigate different diseases caused by fungi in food crops. I also dedicate my time in laboratory where I did my research on biological control of aflatoxin and however time consuming and tiring it is has never discouraged me from wanting to do more research and pursue my career of becoming a lead plant pathologist in this world. My career will not only benefit me but other people who depend on food crops such as maize and groundnuts as their staple food. In summary my key strength towards discovering my career is my education background, my work experiences in research, my love and ambition of becoming a lead scientist and my unending desire for inventing new technologies that will in future e nd aflatoxin menace especially in developing countries (Khasawneh, 2010). My 3 main career influences My mentor who was my first employer is the person who has influenced me in choosing my career (Heo, 2015). He gave me a job where he was a principal investigators, he is a maize breeder and he gave me hands on training on field management trials (evaluating maize lines and hybrid for aflatoxin resistance).while working with him I was able to learn a lot through international trainings that I attended especially on the importance of Bt maize and mass rearing of stem borer. He encouraged me to go back and pursue my master degree and made me believe in myself. The training and experienced that I gained from working with the agricultural research Centre influenced my career choice (Kang and Lee, 2011). I developed interest on controlling diseases and pests that affects maize production through working in maize research. My thesis research on biological control of aflatoxin is another factor that influenced my career choice. I spent 3 years on pursuing my masters program and the part that took most of my time was the field and laboratory research that I did which has influenced my career choice. The last factor that influenced my career choice is the amount of income that I got being a research assistant and also I was given good stipend while I was a master student doing my research. The income I received catered for my personal needs including housing, food and also I was given accident and medical cover. How my key strengths and my main career influences impact my career action plan My strength which strengths such as my educational background, skills and experiences I gained while working and doing my thesis research impacts my career action because am not going to venture in a different field but I am determine to look for a job in an institution or organization that deals with research on mycotoxins. I would like to pursue PhD in plant pathology specializing in mycotoxilogy and finally I hope to mentor students in universities especially those interested in pursuing plant pathology degree and I can also work in universities as lecturer. The job offers that I will accept is the one that will pay well thus the amount of income that I will be paid will be a determining factor in this case. Career Action Plan A career action plan is a road map that guides people from selecting a profession to be hired in that occupation to accomplishing their long-term career goals. My short term goals include: Completing my graduate school application and getting the admission, completing my applications for PhD scholarships and getting the scholarship and starting internship process. My medium term goals include: completing doctoral degree, completing postdoctoral degree programs and getting employment. Steps to take to reach my short goals include: Application for admission to graduate school that offers PhD in Plant Pathology, application for scholarships that can support both my tuition and research expenses and application for internship that will cater for my personal needs before I get admission and scholarship to study PhD. Steps to take to reach my medium term goals include: getting admission to pursue PhD, joining a postdoctoral degree programs and application for jobs in research organizations and as a lecturer at universities. Three barriers to achieving my actions with accompanying proactive solutions Barriers that can hinder me from achieving my career goals include: Lack of internship opportunities, sometimes it is possible to get rejection for admission to the graduate school of my choice, Lack of financial resources to pursue my PhD and lack of employment as a barrier to achieving employment goals. Solutions to above listed barriers include: In case of lack of internship opportunities in my country, I can apply for internship in organization in other countries, also some international organizations can give interns opportunities. I can overcome financial barriers by working as a part time lecturer as I pursue my PhD so that the finance I get can support both my research and tuition expenses. Lack of employment of opportunity in the field of ones interest can be overcome by applying for jobs that are available in the market as I wait for the desired opportunity to come. I can apply for admissions to many graduate schools both in country and outside my country and am sure I will get positive feedback at least from one or two universities. Conclusion Family, mentors, school and peoples community have impact on young adults self-identity and profession choice (Kim, 2014). Events that happened in our lives may affect the choices presented to us and changes in economy and subsequent job market may also affect our careers progress (Kemmelmeier and Walton, 2016). People who understand their interest can easily choice a career compared to those who cannot identify their interest (Kim et al., 2016). Identifying barriers that could hinder our capability to reach our goals and then figuring out solutions can assist in overcoming them References Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Carparara, G. V. and Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self- efficacy beliefs as shapers childrens aspirations and career trajectories. Children development, 72: 187-206. Bullock-Yowell, E., McConnell, A. E., Schedin, E. A. (2014). Decided and Undecided Students: Career Self-efficacy, Negative Thinking, and Decision-Making Difficulties. NACADA Journal 34(1): 22-34. Endres, M. L. (2006). The Effectiveness of Assigned Goals in Complex Financial Decision Making and the Importance of Gender. Theory and Decision 61(2):129-157. Kang, R. and Lee. M. (2011). The Influence of Adolescent's Career Attitude, Occupation Value, and Social Support on Career Preparation Behavior. Korean Journal of Human Ecology 20(5): 941-953. Heo, J. (2015). Effect of Career Group Counseling Program on Career Attitude Maturity and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Adolescents on Probation. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association 15(11):154-164. Kemmelmeier, M. and Walton, A. P. (2016). Creativity in Men and Women: Threat, Other-Interest, and Self-Assessment. Creativity Research Journal 28(1):78-88. Keller, T. (2016). If grades are not good enough -The role of self-assessment in the transition to tertiary education. International Journal of Educational Research 77:62-73. Khasawneh, S. (2010). Factors Influencing the Career Planning and Development of University Students in Jordan. Australian Journal of Career Development 19(2): 41-48. Kim, B., Rhee, E., Ha, G., Yang, J. and Lee, S. (2016). Tolerance of Uncertainty: Links to Happenstance, Career Decision Self-Efficacy, and Career Satisfaction. The Career Development Quarterly 64 (2):140-152. Kim, M. (2014). Family Background, Students Academic Self-Efficacy, and Students Career and Life Success Expectations. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 36(4): 395-407. Park, S., Kim, J. and Lee. T. (2011). Effect of Occupational Therapy Volunteering on Self-esteem and Self-efficiency in University Students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association 11(2):376-384. Ye, Y. (2014). Role of career decision-making self-efficacy and risk of career options on career decision-making of chinese graduates. Psychological reports 114(2): 625-634.

Iago My Hero Essays - Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio, Roderigo

Iago My Hero Iago, My Hero Of all the characters presented in Shakespeare's literature the most sinister one is without a doubt Iago. He is a ruthless sociopath. No other character can even come close to his evil. Most of the antagonists present in Shakespeare's plays have valid reasons for the troubles they cause. Iago doesn't for the most part; he just has a burning hatred for the world, especially Othello. Iago is the only reason there is any conflict in Othello. If he were not a character, Othello and Desdemona would have lived happily ever after. From the beginning to the end he causes conflicts. He is directly or indirectly responsible for the deaths of many characters. Shakespeare didn't just create Iago's character to be evil. He wanted him to be the epitome of it. All of the problems he causes are through lies, treachery, manipulation, and a deep unknown hatred. Some of his hate is fueled by jealousy and revenge. The ironic part is that he is known as honest Iago. Every act contains an evil plot set up by Iago. They all play into his grand scheme. In the very beginning of Act I Iago displays his hatred for Othello. He is angry with him for making Cassio the lieutenant. Jealousy is his first motive. He then tells Roderigo (a former suitor of Desdemona) that Othello and Desdemona are getting married. The two of them then go and tell Desdemona's father, Brabantio, that Othello and his daughter have just eloped. This infuriates Brabantio. Soon after, Brabantio gets a gang after Othello. Iago's treachery is first displayed here. When Othello is confronted Iago is on his side. Iago was the person who instigated the whole situation. Shakespeare does a very good job in showing what kind of person Iago is, right from the beginning of the play. The reader begins to realize this before any of the characters in the play do. He did this so the reader will begin to see how evil Iago is, yet how unjustified his reasoning is. Act I is where Iago pieces together his whole sinister plot to get revenge. He first tells Roderigo to sell all he has and move to Cypress to court Desdemona. The last stanza of Act I is where he manifests his grand scheme. His idea is to get Othello into thinking Cassio is in love with Desdemona. That way Cassio will be dismissed from lieutenant and Othello will lose Desdemona. As soon as everyone arrives in Cypress Iago puts his plan in effect. He gets Roderigo to believe that Cassio and Desdemona are in love y instructing him to observe Cassios mannerisms around Desdeona. And being a Florentine Cassio is all over Desdemona. This is a very significant part in showing Iago's evil. He gets Roderigo who has wronged absolutely no one to develop a hatred for Cassio who just happens to be a victim of circumstance. Iago wants Othello to lose respect for Cassio. This sinister plan works. He gets Cassio drunk then has Roderigo provoke a fight. Soon after Cassio stabs an innocent man named Montano. Othello comes out, discovers what has happened, and dismisses Cassio from the lieutenancy. Half of Iago's grand scheme has succeeded. However, he still wants to be Lieutenant. He convinces Cassio to arrange a meeting to talk with Desdemona about re-instating him as Lieutenant. Little does Cassio know why Iago really wants him to meet with Desdemona. At the end of this act Cassio says about Iago, I never knew a Florentine more kind and honest. Shakespeare wrote that line to show how innocent Cassio was and how evil Iago was. Othello sees Cassio talk with Desdemona, and Iago comments on how that is suspicious. He then tells Othello not to feel jealous, (which is the exact opposite of what he really wants him to feel). Othello then confronts Iago because he believes that Iago knows more about Cassio and Desdemona's relationship. He threatens Iago with is life. Iago then puts the last parts of his evil plan into motion. Quickly Iago comes up with a story about how he heard Cassio talk in his sleep about Desdemona and wipe his beard with the special kerchief.

Working with Addicts Essays

Working with Addicts Essays Working with Addicts Essay Working with Addicts Essay Addiction social worker The Canadian government has realized the effect drug abuse has on the young population and has taken an initiative to employ social workers who assist in the rehabilitation process of the people struggling with substance abuse. The process has cost the taxpayers over $22.8 billion annually (Pearson, Janz Ali, 2013). Social workers need to be informed about the broad and varying context that surrounds the lives of people and forms the social work practice. Their work has five contexts which include that their work should be done within set boundaries in a nation, region or state. Also, the political system of the area governs how they carry out their activities, the beliefs, and culture of the individuals as well the socio-economic which involves education, health facilities and the livelihood of the people. The spiritual context is based on the human or social work practice that focuses on the ethics, philosophies, and ideals of the people the workers work with (Wilson Kolander, 2011). A structural perspective on social work refers to social workers making efforts to connect the duality of the social and personal, community and the individual and enable the social workers to have an understanding of the wide range of populations on social processes and reproduce or support social problems (Payne, 2014). Structural social work, therefore, acknowledges the function of social structures in maintaining and producing personal hardship and inequality. Structural social work externally affects the micro and macro issues, and it argues that structural forces in society such as criminal justice systems, government, and education systems are to blame for peoples problems. However, it is not correct in relation to alcohol and drug usage because most drug abusers engage in the act without influenc e from structural forces and their recovery is majorly a personal choice. Social workers deal with different groups of people as named above. One cannot, therefore, expect them to be experts in handling all groups and the task is left to the workers depending on who feel best to deal with the situation at hand best. Their major roles include motivating people to divert their problematic substance use behavior by supporting them, their carers and families and directing their behavior (Romach, Schoedel Sellers, 2014). They engage in discussions of substance abuse as part of their role in supporting the users of their services, their dependents, and families. Additionally, they support people in their attempts to maintain and make changes in the use of drugs. Role of social workers in substance abuse Discussions of the topic of substance abuse are important in social work practice. No person starts taking drugs with the intention of developing the habit that leads to addiction and affects their health. The substance users have however faced exclusion and discrimination from people in society. Working against the negativity and social injustice these people face is the role of the social workers as it is among their ethical and commitment requirements (Wilson Kolander, 2011). Social workers are skilled at building relationships and being willing to listen and not judging the individuals struggling with substance abuse. They draw on their strengths and offer them care. A social worker needs to focus on asking questions about substance use routinely to monitor the drug users progress during the treatment period. One also prepares to engage children, carers and family members to discuss how the family will offer support to the drug users (Vaughn Perron, 2014). One identifies the ra nge of effects the drugs may have on the substance abusers or people around him such as the dependents and children and find ways to explain to the drug user the problem the use of drugs is bringing to the family. The social worker on the other hand learns and fills the gaps in knowledge of substance use and the skills using continuing professional development. The social worker needs to take advanced training in particular frameworks of working with substance use to know how to handle the matters that he or she may encounter during work. They also take the initiative of working collaboratively with substance use services which include exchanging mutual knowledge on confidentiality, boundaries of care, and service models. They recognize stigma in the drug users and offer a non-judgemental practice that includes inclusionary approach and positive language (Goodman, 2013). They advanced social workers encourage the staff to reflect on the ethics of acre, risks, and attitudes relating to substance abuse and the individuals with the addiction. The experienced and advanced workers support and encourage less experienced colleagues in the engagement of handling drug abuse as part of their role. They have also shown commitment to the discussion of drug abuse and raising the issue in management and supervision roles to ensure each person taking part in social work plays his or her role to make everyones efforts successful. There are various problems that social workers encounter related to drug abuse. They encounter occasional issues linked with substance use. A drug user may not be taking alcohol or drugs every day but they occasionally indulge them, and it leads to issues in their lives. Their regular indulgent may seem normal to the users, but it eventually causes harm to them. The users have daily or frequent problems linked with substance use. It occurs when one is undergoing a range of issues linked to drug abuse and it negatively affects ones mental of physical health, their parenting ability, employment or financial status and relationship problems (Kuhar, 2012). The drug user may have also been involved in criminal acts. The other kinds of problems they may have encountered are previous issues but are not occurring currently. The person may have had an account of past issues but due to abstinence no longer encounters them. Social workers motivate the drug users to change the problematic drug a buse they face. The change model is a five-step process on how people think about an issue and later change their behavior. The first stage is pre-contemplation where no one thinks about behavior change. In the contemplation stage, the person struggling with substance abuse thinks about the issues but takes no action on the problem (Nasr Phillips, 2014). In the preparation stage, one begins to plan how he or she can make changes. In the action phase, the drug user does something to make changes. For instance, one can decide to talk to someone on the drug and alcohol use. Finally, there is the maintenance stage where the person maintains the non-problematic level of use. The social workers enable the people struggling with substance abuse identify the motivation for social change and look for strategies to sustain it (Leyton, 2016). The support and motivation involve the discussion of the people struggling with substance abuse about their addiction and continuation of post-intervention support which involves being supportive to the families affected by their loved ones addiction to substance use. The social worker assesses and identifies the use of substance including the risk to others and oneself, giving advice, onward referral and brief intervention to specialists and receiving and providing informed leadership and supervision.

Google vs. Yahoo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Job Redesign and Workplace Rewards - Essay Example Different companies have diverse issues that need to be dealt with in order to ensure that employees are up to the level that is required for enhanced motivation and productivity. It requires that a company develop the right strategies to enhance performance of a respective organization. Every department in an organization is unique and therefore, requires different motivational strategies to enhance performance (Cooper et al, 2009). Kroger is an established pharmacy that deals with a wide range of drug substances. It has a number of customers both locally and internationally. In the local set up, the company receives many customers at different intervals within a day. It, therefore, requires that every department work round the clock to ensure that the customers are well served and their expectations met as appropriate. On the hand, the employees are vital to the wellbeing of the company. Case in point is that the technicians are very essential components of the company. It has been argued that the technicians in the company are the most motivated and productive in the company. There are a number of issues that enhance the motivation and productivity of the company. A technician at the pharmacy has a wide range of duties in the company. Case in point is that the technician is in charge of all the issues that related to the technical issues in the company. One of the duties of the technician is to ensure that there are no faults in any department within the organization. The technician is in charge of every department in terms of technical issues. At the Kroger pharmacy the technician is charged with the responsibility of supplying the drugs to the patients either on prescription or at the counter. Consequently, the technician is charged with the responsibility of assembling the different drugs for the purpose of prescribing. On the other hand, the

A critical review of Porters competitive strategy

A critical review of Porters competitive strategy Title: A critical review of Porter's competitive strategy in relation to his five forces model in comparison to other perspectives. â€Å"All men can see these tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved.† Sun Tzu, Chinese General Introduction Strategy originates from military and warfare and according to Stephen Cummings; the word itself has its origins from the Greek word ‘stratos’ which meant ‘army’ (Cummings, 1993, pp 133 – 135). A number of ancient generals and scholars have defined the character of strategy. Some famous ones are Sun Tzu, the Chinese general in the 2nd century BC and Sextus Frontinus, the Roman general in the first century AD. Frontinus has defined strategy as â€Å"everything achieved by a commander, be it characterised by foresight, advantage, enterprise or resolution† (Cummings, 1993, pp 133 – 135). Another Greek military commander Xenophon very aptly defined strategy as â€Å"knowing the business which you propose to carry out† (Cummings, 1993, pp 133 – 135). The importance of clear intent, seeking advantage over adversaries, objectives of survival and expansion, and utilisation of given resources with inherent strengths and weaknesses in a manner that successfully leverages the advantage, are as relevant to a business organisation as to military. Aligning resources to objectives to gain advantage to maximum limits requires strategic thinking. This process can be either logical or creative. Strategy formation itself can be deliberate or emergent. Strategy operates at various levels and contexts. It can operate in a combination of business level, corporate level or network level in industry context, organisational context or international context (Wit and Meyer, 2004, p.14). There are diverse models on strategy and strategic management. However all models focus on the importance of aligning the dynamics of a business system to the dynamics of its environment for meeting its long-term objectives. The goal of strategic management is to gain competitive advantage. According to Wit and Meyer, a business system is the configuration of resources (inputs), activities (throughput) and product/service offering (output) and this configuration is the cornerstone of gaining competitive advantage (Wit and Meyer, 2004 p. 231). There are two broad models on business level strategy. One involves market orientation and the other is focussed on resources. One revolves around the outside-in perspective, while the other is inside-out perspective. Both deal with the ability of a form to acquire competitive advantage (See Appendix I and II). One such prominent strategy model is Michael Porter’s Five Forces model. This assignment critically evaluates Porter’s Five Forces model and compares it with alternative models. Sustainable Competitive Advantage It is important for competitive advantage to be sustainable. But what exactly is competitive advantage and what makes it sustainable? According to Wits and Meyer, â€Å"a firm’s has a competitive advantage when it has the means to edge out rivals when vying for the favour of customers† (Wit and Meyer, 2004 p. 244). Michael Porter argues that competitive advantage is sustainable â€Å"if it cannot be copied, substituted or eroded by the actions of rivals, and is not made redundant by developments in the environment† (Porter, 1980). Wits and Meyer interpret that sustainability is determined by competitive defendability and environmental consonance. Porter’s Five Forces Model The five forces model involves market orientation and is an outside-in perspective. The model proposes that the starting point in determining an appropriate competitive strategy is to understand two dynamic factors, (1) the long-term profitability that determines the attractiveness of the industry in which the firm operates; and (2) the position that a firm occupies within an industry vis-à  -vis its competitors. Porter concludes that neither all industries are equal in attractiveness, nor are all firms equal in achieving levels of profitability with in their respective industry. But these positions change and therefore cannot fully determine competitive strategy. On the other hand, a firm can actually shape both (1) the industry attractiveness as well as (2) its competitive position. By understanding of what he calls as the â€Å"rules of competition† a firm can create an effective competitive strategy that can alter the balance in its favour. According to Porter, five competitive forces determine the rules of competition. These are: The barriers to entry for new competitors The threat of substitutes The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of buyers The magnitude of existing competition As can be understood that all the above forces have a direct or an indirect impact upon how the prices and the cost that make up business operations within the industry. What’s more, the level of investment required by a new comer to get into the industry is also portrayed by these forces. The intensity as well as the importance of these forces varies from industry to industry. But irrespective of the nature of industry the collective strength of these forces â€Å"determines the ability of firms in an industry to earn, on average, rates of return on investment in excess of cost of capital† (Porter, 1985). For example, for an industry with low entry barriers, the magnitude of competition will be higher. Similarly, availability of substitutes deflates the price within the industry. Bargaining power of buyers brings down prices and as a consequence the margins for firms within the industry. Bargaining power of the suppliers has a direct impact on cost and availability of raw materials. For an industry, which is intensely competitive, the margins once again come under pressure. The UK supermarkets are clearly operating in an intensely competitive industry albeit with a certain degree of control over their suppliers. However, this is not entirely true for the airlines industry, which is not only highly competitive, but also has a low control over its suppliers, especially for its most important raw material – the petrol prices. Therefore the pressure is on both ends – the cost as well as the price. Each industry has certain economic and technical features that make up its structure. Industry structure is susceptible to change over a period of time. It is important for a firm to understand the factors that could change the industry structure. It is this understanding that can enable a firm to build an effective competitive strategy that can alter the structure of an industry. Porter argues that a successful strategy is the one that can alter the rules of competition to create a position of advantage for the firm. He states that the merit of the five-forces framework lies in the fact that it â€Å"allows a firm to see through the complexity and pinpoint those factors that are critical to competition in its industry, as well as to identify those strategic innovations that would improve the industry’s – and its own – profitability† (Porter, 1985). A strategy has a potential of altering the industry structure in a negative manner as well. It can bring about price sensitivity, competitive backlash or lowering of barriers that protect the industry and ensure its profitability. A good example of this is the low-cost airlines where pricing is treated as the strategy. ‘Smart’ companies take a long-term perspective while making strategic choices, so as not to destroy the industry structure. Industry leaders whose strategic choices can easily alter the industry structure, due to their size and bargaining power, are sensitive to the fact that an altered structure can have a negative impact on the firm’s own growth therefore a leader needs to show an approach that protects the industry structure, rather than destroy it. The importance of industry structure Two key areas are touched by industry structure. These are: Buyer needs, and Supply/demand balance Buyer needs: Serious firms treat the task of satisfying buyer needs as their core objective. The effort is always to create value for their customers. However, industry structure determines how profitable this effort turns out to be. For instance, two industries that create an equally high value for their customers may have different returns. Entry barriers, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers and suppliers as well as intensity of competition, all these forces influence industry profitability vis-à  -vis customer value creation. Supply/demand balance: This also has an impact on the industry profitability and at the same time is influenced by industry structure in the long term. Entry and exit barriers exert influence as also capacities. For example, in some industries, even a little excess capacity can lead to price wars and therefore lower the profitability. This is being witnessed in the airlines industry. Competitive strategies The objective of understanding industry structure lies in the need to build a sustainable competitive strategy which results in a position of advantage relative to its competitors. The starting point is in value chain analysis that helps a firm to determine the activities which contribute to creating superior value. The goal is to achieve profitability higher than the industry average. Porter argues that based on this analysis, a firm can have one of the three competitive strategies: Cost leadership – by which a firm leverages its scale to bring down the cost of doing business and then passes the benefit to its customers. This is achievable only for firms that display one or more of such features – (1) they operate on a large scale, serving multiple segments and perhaps even operating in complementary industries; (2) have proprietary technology; (3) have â€Å"preferential access to raw materials† (Porter, 1985). What’s more, cost leadership advantage is not at the expense of differentiation and is pursued by seeking cost advantage from multiple operational areas such as marketing, finance, human resources, in addition to production and supply-chain. Porter states that â€Å"a cost leader must achieve parity or proximity in the basis of differentiation relative to its competitors o be an above-average performer, even though it relies on cost-leadership for its competitive advantage† (Porter, 1985). An example is Tesco. Differentiation: This strategy is aimed at achieving uniqueness on attributes that determine consumer preference. According to Porter, this strategy can emerge from product differentiation, distribution system, and/or marketing approach. This allows a firm to charge premium price and can result in a loyal customer base. However care must be taken that the premium price is more than the cost of differentiation as well as is sustainable in long run. Once again, pursuing this strategy does not mean that a firm can ignore the cost element, which is a vital contributor to its bottom-line. An example of this could be Waitrose. Focus strategies – cost focus / differentiation focus: These strategic choices are for firms with narrow target segment. These are achievable only if the â€Å"target segments â€Å"either have buyers with unusual needs or else the production and delivery system that best serves the target segment must differ from that of other industry segments† (Porter, 1985). These are generic strategies across industries and the manner in which these are executed also varies for different industries. Internet and the Industry Structure In recent times, Michael Porter’s five forces model has expanded in scope to include internet and its influence industries. In his article â€Å"Strategy and the Internet† published in Harvard Business Review in 2001, Porter argues that Internet â€Å"tends to influence and alter industry structures in ways to dampen overall profitability, and it has a levelling effect on business practices, reducing the ability of any company to establish an operational advantage that can be sustained.† He states that the seemingly low cost of doing online business is actually artificially depressed as it does not account for many key activities such as inventory and warehousing which are needed to deliver value to the customer. But he also determines that internet has increased the possibilities for firms â€Å"to establish distinctive strategic positionings† that traditional information technology tools could not offer. He concludes that including internet offers a new dimension to a firm’s operations and is unavoidable as a tool in carrying out business. But if real economic value is to be created then internet initiatives must be integrated with the traditional competitive strategy as â€Å"internet per se will rarely be a competitive advantage† (Porter, 2001). Alternative model: Strategy from inside-out This perspective is exactly opposite to Michael Porter’s Five Forces model. Models based on this perspective are focussed on internal strengths and capabilities for devising a competitive strategy rather than scouring external opportunities. The starting point is an assessment of firm’s resources or competences that have been acquired over a period of time. What’s more, if one such resource is not existing within, then how to acquire it? Market positioning is sought in alignment with a firm’s resource based strategy. â€Å"Selected market positions must leverage the existing resource base, not ignore it†¦.for success resources should be leading and markets following† (Wit and Meyer, 2004, p. 252). Two main models have been proposed by leading practitioners of management: Competence based view; and Capabilities based view This viewpoint does not consider just physical resources, but also intangible resources or competences that get uniquely composed within an organisation during its operational span. These could vary from competence in Internet-driven supply-chain management to offline quality process. Firms seeking leadership position make sure that its core competences or capabilities are upgraded on a periodic basis so that competitive advantage is maintained. This is termed as the dynamic capabilities view (Teece, Pisano and Shuen, 1997). It is emphasised that a firm needs to take a long-term view of its competences and take all actions to strengthen these competences. This perspective does not advocate an ad-hoc approach that results in building up of unrelated competences. On the flip side, the challenge is in dismantling of existing competences and building of new competences as market demand changes. One good example of this is the mass-production mastered by American automobile companies could not be transformed swiftly into lean production practiced by Japanese firms such as Toyota, leading to erosion of market share and competitive advantage for giants such as General Motors and Ford. â€Å"†¦companies experience that that their core competences can be their core rigidities, locking them out of new opportunities† (Leonard-Barton, 1995). The perspective is further refined by Miller, Eisenstat and Foote (2002) as they propose the terms â€Å"asymmetries† and â€Å"capability configurations.† According to them, a firm’s asymmetries are it’s â€Å"skills, knowledge, processes relationships, proper ties, or outputs an organisation possesses or produces that its motivated competitors are unlikely to acquire or copy in a cost or time-effective way† (Miller et al 2002). However these can be of disadvantage to a firm unless â€Å"carefully fostered and directed†¦.by leveraging them via an appropriate market focus, companies may be able to aspire realistically to attain competitive advantage† (Miller et al 2002). This is the essence of â€Å"capability configuration† which is a system of reinforcing elements incorporating core capabilities and the organisational design infrastructures†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Miller et al 2002). They argue that the development process of inside-out strategy is emergent and iterative in nature and is characterised by trial and error. Three imperatives suggested by them for deriving sustainable competitive advantage out of an capabilities model are that firms need to: (1) â€Å"discover asymmetries and their potential†; (2) â€Å"create capability configurations – by design†; and (3) â€Å"pursue market opportunities that build on and leverage capabilities† (Miller et al 2002). Conclusion Both perspectives have their supporters. It is for a firm to decide the perspective that it wants to take for building its competitive strategy. It is suggested that the inside-out perspective has more depth. The argument is that although market-orientation and ability to capitalise on external opportunities are critical factors in a firm’s success, both (1) market-sensing and (2) customer-linking are distinctive capabilities that get cultivated within a firm over a period of time (Day, 1994). At the same time, Barney (1991) argues that resources become the foundation of competitive advantage only once they meet four conditions. They should be â€Å"(1) valuable, (2) rare, (3) difficult to imitate, and (4) difficult to substitute† (Barney, 1991). Appendix I: Outside-in versus inside-out perspective Source: Wit and Meyer, 2004, p.255 Appendix II References: Barney, J.B. (1991); Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage; Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1991, pp.99-120 Cummings, S. (1993); Brief Case: The First Strategists; Long Range Planning, Vol. 26, No. 3, June pp. 133 – 135 Day, George S. (1994); The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organisations; Journal of Marketing, October 1994, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 37-52 Leonard-Barton, D. (1995); Wellsprings of Knowledge; Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA Miller, Danny; Eisenstat, Russel and Foote, Nathaniel (2002); Strategy from the inside out: building capability-creating organisations; California Management Review, Vol. 33, No. 3 Porter, M.E. (1980); Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors; New York: The Free Press Porter, M.E. (1985); Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance; New York: The Free Press Porter, M.E. (1996); What is Strategy’; Harvard Business Review, Vol. 74, No. 6, November-December, pp. 61-78 Porter, M.E. (2001); Internet and Strategy’; Harvard Business Review, March; accessed from Harvard Business Publishing online http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu/hbsp/index.jsp Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G. (1990); The Core Competence of the Corporation; Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 3, May-June, pp. 79-91 Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997); Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management; Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 7, August, pp. 509-533 Wit, Bob De and Meyer, Ron (2008); Strategy: Process, Content, Context – An International Perspective; Thomson, 4th Edition Brief 211514Page 1 of 8